Hereford Beef - A History
David Deakin

The story of one of the oldest and greatest beef breeds in Britain.


         By David Deakin, Secretary of the Hereford Cattle Society

Herefordshire and its surrounding areas became known for the size, hardiness, characteristics and high quality of its cattle noted by agricultural commentators in the 17th and 18th centuries, and by the end of the latter, the white face and deep red coat of the present breed were established.


Several local farming families were instrumental in the development of the iconic breed, which was soon to become the world’s greatest beef breed.


After several show successes and a consistently strong trade, this new breed was cemented and the first herd book of Hereford cattle was published in 1846 by Thomas Eyton of Wellington, Shropshire. Since 1886 the herd book has been closed to any animal with a sire or dam not previously recorded, which means for over 130 years there has been continuous breeding from those first cattle.


Originally named the Hereford Herd Book Society, it was founded in 1878 by Mr JH Arkwright of Hampton Court, Herefordshire, under the patronage of Queen Victoria. The organisation changed its name to the Hereford Cattle Society in 1996 but has occupied Hereford House at 3 Offa Street in central Hereford, throughout its history and where the society still operates to this day.


During the middle of the 20th century, Hereford bull sales would attract a myriad of nationalities to the city of Hereford, some farmers in their own right and others working as agents, exporting quantities of cattle for individuals abroad. People travelled from all over the world, from Argentina, Uruguay and Chile to Australia and South Africa, and huge sums of money exchanged hands for these beasts. What would have started as a colloquial meeting of breeders from Herefordshire and the surrounding border counties evolved into a national and international event.




Out of the sale ring, and away from the market, the Green Dragon Hotel on Broad Street served as a hub of social excitement for all involved with a ball held on the Monday night after the show, before Tuesday’s January bull sale. At this time, Captain de Quincey at The Vern, Bodenham and the Lewis family at The Haven, Dilwyn among others, were breeders of highly sought-after cattle. Unlike today’s type, the cattle of the mid 20th century, were much shorter in stature, as per many other breeds of the time, and were known as ‘belt buckle’ cattle. This was the beast the market demanded at the time, and so that is what was bred.




The importation of continental cattle began in the seventies, which was to change the face of the British cattle industry for many years. These cattle didn’t affect the Hereford breed immediately, but there was a sense of change to come, particularly with entry into the European Common Market and changes to farm support payments. Reacting to this, the Hereford breed underwent a period of breeding for greater size, much like those early day cattle, and this greater stature and quality of animal is what has made the Hereford once again a highly competitive choice of breed in today's marketplace.


Hereford Cattle Society is the only body responsible for the registration and promotion of Hereford cattle in the UK, and as the breed spread around the world from its humble beginnings due to its quality of beef and terrific adaptability, overseas Hereford associations were established to manage matters within those beef producing countries.


The Hereford has been exported to over 120 countries throughout the world, surviving in all climatic conditions. From the pampas areas of South America to the Steppes of Russia, the breed can be found in every inhabited continent in the world and there are now at least 25 countries maintaining their own Hereford cattle records, all relating back to the cattle recorded in those early volumes of the herd book produced by Mr Eyton.


The Hereford is now widely recognised for its ease of management, including at calving and through its docile temperament. It has excellent forage ability and produces marbled beef of superior quality.


After a tough period for the breed through the eighties and nineties, Hereford cattle are now back in demand. Over 9,000 pedigree calves are now registered each year, which is up nearly 50 per cent compared to 10 years ago. Looking at the equally important commercial numbers, over 185,000 Hereford sired progeny are registered annually in the UK, including those on suckler and dairy systems. This is an almost 90 per cent increase over the last decade.


Hereford cattle have been, and continue to be, an important part of the fabric of the Herefordshire countryside. It is their appetite for grass that makes Hereford Beef tender and flavoursome, while also unlocking environmental and health benefits, such as a higher levels of omega-3 content. So when you are looking to buy your next piece of beef, firstly check it is British, and then make sure it is Hereford.New Paragraph


Share:


You may also be interested in...

By Alexia Robinson March 9, 2025
On a crisp morning in the heart of Argyll and Bute, the small community schools on Islay and Jura are buzzing with excitement. In the lunch hall of Small Isles Primary, a group of children eagerly line up to try something new - a plate of wild venison meatballs, freshly prepared and sourced from the very hills surrounding their homes.  This is not just another school meal - this is the future of sustainable, locally sourced food in action. The groundbreaking pilot project, launched in partnership with Argyll and Bute Council, Wild Jura, and Food for Life Scotland, aims to bring the rich flavours of Scotland’s wild larder to school children while promoting sustainability and supporting the local economy.
By Jenny Jeffries February 18, 2025
Our Prime Minister Keir Starmer was quoted in an interview last week by saying voters must choose between a 'tax break' for farmers or tackle the NHS backlogs. How about our government invests in farming and start to revolutionise the food system to produce highly nutritious food in more accessible places and affordable avenues to ultimately reduce the consumption of ultra processed foods and to deduct revenue and profit from the large corporations who are contributing to the current obesity and mental health crisis? Surely the corporate fat cats are morally and directly responsible for the heavy burden upon our NHS? Jenny Jefferies explores further the widening gap between farmer and consumer for Love British Food…
By Alexia Robinson February 5, 2025
Love British Food and No Farmers, No Food are delighted to announce a partnership dedicated to promoting British farmers. Together, they will champion initiatives to ensure British food is the primary choice in public institutions and push for fair supermarket pricing that reflects the true value of our farmers' hard work.
By Alexia Robinson January 27, 2025
Love British Food, the leading organisation promoting British food at grassroots and industry levels, is delighted to announce the appointment of Cathy Amos as Non-Executive Director. Cathy, who currently holds the position of Head of Customer Marketing at Brakes, is celebrated for her extensive experience in the food service sector, particularly within the public sector which is integral to Love British Food's mission. Cathy Amos has devoted her career to the food and hospitality industry, with a focus over the last decade on supporting caterers in public and care settings. At Brakes, she leads a team of development chefs who specialise in these sectors. She has also collaborated closely with leading contract caterers and various public sector bodies, including PSC, LACA, TUCO, NACC, and the HCA. She joins other non-executive directors: Derek Wright (Blackpool Catering), Tim Radcliffe (NHS England) and Ben Bartlett (Master Chefs GB).
By Liz Tod, British Hamper Company December 20, 2024
Our family business, the British Hamper Company, was founded in 2014 by our eldest son James, together with my husband and me. 
By Alexia Robinson December 11, 2024
Soil Associations’ Food for Life and Love British Food join forces to amplify the need for British food to be accessible for all Two leading food campaigning organisations have joined forces to champion the importance of buying British in public sector settings. Soil Association’s Food for Life and Love British Food will support each other’s mission for good food for all in the public sector, hospitality and beyond. [EB1] With a deep synergy between both organisations', together they will advocate for shorter, more sustainable supply chains to make British food a central part of schools, hospitals and other settings. “We are delighted that Food for Life’s sustainable catering team has approached Love British Food proposing that we collaborate to further both our organisation’s activities. I am excited in particular that Food for Life schools will now be invited to take part in British Food Fortnight, joining the hundreds of schools that already run special menus for children during the national food celebrations.” Alexia Robinson, CEO, Love British Food It’s a great time to join forces with Love British Food to amplify the work that both charities are doing to put more fresh, minimally processed, British food on the plates of the nation. We look forward to collaborating with each other to strengthen our combined calls for change across the food industry and support caterers and suppliers to access our homegrown produce. Amit Dattani, Director of Healthy and Sustainable Diets, Soil Association Notes to editors: Food for Life – Founded in 2003 has been running for over 20 years to make good food accessible for all. A Soil Association programme working directly with caterers, schools, and communities to implement sustainable and lasting change within the broken food system. Food for Life Served Here is the sustainable catering certification run by the Soil Association. It currently has certified caterers in over 6500 schools across the UK. Food for Life Schools Award empowers schools to build solutions that reach beyond the school canteen through the pioneering whole school approach. Focusing on system wide change and supporting people and communities to understand how to advocate for improved access to, and education around, good food. Currently operating in over 600 schools in England. The Soil Association is a leading sustainable food and farming charity. Since 1946 the organisation has impacted millions of people, creating practical, nature-based solutions to recover climate, nature and health through sustainable and regenerative food, farming and forestry. Promoting the connection between people, food, and the natural world, lobbying government on key environmental policies, helping to serve millions of certified school meals and engaging thousands in farmer-led research. Love British Food Love British Food was founded by Alexia Robinson in 2002. It is the leading voice promoting British food in communities around the country, working at grassroot and industry level. Its work focuses on creating a vibrant domestic market for British food that gives farmers and producers the confidence to invest and ensure our food security, enabling sustainable supply chains that make good food available for all. It is the organiser of British Food Fortnight, the national food celebration that reaches millions every autumn. 1,000s of shops, pubs, restaurants and communities, large and small, take part. Love British Food’s activities aim to make quality British food available to all sectors of society. It is a uniquely trusted voice in the public sector, where Love British Food has become an established promotion in schools, universities, hospitals, care homes. As part of this, it is the longest serving representative of the British food industry on the Public Sector Catering Alliance; working to ensure British food is the first supplier of choice. It runs a national programme of farm visits for caterers, giving them a new appreciation of the value of British food to the supply chain. To date it has hosted 193 NHS caterers on 9 farm visits. And it facilitates working groups of public sector chefs providing the industry with a knowledge exchange platform. It has a long association with the education sector having published the first guide to teaching food and cookery within the national curriculum: ‘Putting the Ooo back into Food’, endorsed by the Department of Health and Department for Education and Skills. Distributed to 35,000 schools, this established British Food Fortnight as a core event on the school calendar. Hundreds of teachers and school catering teams have taken part in the event over the years. Love British Food has a very active social media presence and a Love British Food farm to fork podcast. It launches a new series for chefs in 20245: Get Seasonal with Love British Food, aiming to help chefs buy British more easily through the wholesale sector. Further information: E: alexiarobinson@lovebritishfood.co.uk W: www.lovebritishfood.co.uk
By Alexia Robinson November 27, 2024
Love British Food is delighted to announce Trimsaran Primary School as the winner of Love British Food's 'Community Competition', a highlight of this year’s British Food Fortnight. Recognised for their outstanding contribution to making good, healthy food accessible, the school was celebrated for its innovative food hub made from repurposed shipping containers. This transformative project, driven by the school’s staff and its 180 pupils, has turned underutilised shipping containers into a bustling community food shop. The hub offers a range of healthy food options at reduced prices, vital in an area where public transport is sparse and access to affordable nutritious food is limited. The school’s initiative promotes environmental sustainability by featuring homegrown produce cultivated in raised beds and a large polytunnel maintained by pupils under the guidance of a retired local gardener. The produce - including tomatoes, leeks, cucumbers, cabbages, and potatoes - is sold directly from container to community, eliminating food miles and providing the freshest ingredients to local consumers. Community Champions from Morrisons stores across the country reached out to their local communities to find the nominees for the 'Community Competition' and the winning school receive £1,000 of products from Morrisons that can be spent over the year. David Scott, Corporate Affairs Director at Morrisons and one of the competition judges, praised the project for its "intergenerational learning and the impressive repurposing of shipping containers." He highlighted how "this initiative brings the rural community together, turning the school into a linchpin of local life." Liz Earle MBE, a wellbeing broadcaster, entrepreneur, and Love British Food Ambassador, also commended the project: "It resonated with me as being distinctly innovative—using shipping containers to bring fresh, local, and well-priced food into the heart of the community. The involvement of all ages in both education and contribution creates a vibrant model for community health and cohesion." The food hub not only serves as a critical resource for affordable food but also as a social venue where the community can gather and support the school. Plans are underway to establish this initiative as a registered charity, ensuring its sustainability and potential for growth.
By Alexia Robinson October 18, 2024
British Food Fortnight 2024 has concluded its two-week celebration of the very best of British food with resounding success, embracing communities, retailers, and public sector institutions across the country. Kicking off at New Covent Garden Market in London, the fortnight was packed with lively events, promotions, and activities - all aimed at making British food accessible to everyone. The festivities culminated in the National Harvest Service at Southwark Cathedral, supported by HM The Queen, and highlighted the nation’s commitment to sustainable and local food production. This year marked the first British Food Fortnight with Morrisons as the Exclusive Retail Partner, who announced a three-year partnership with Love British Food. They trialled a number of initiatives, including taking customers to visit local farms and a British food module for their in-store tours for primary schools. The event saw outstanding participation, from schools and universities to hospitals and retailers, showcasing the diversity and quality of British food. Thousands of caterers crafted special menus to highlight British ingredients, reinforcing the nation's rich culinary heritage.
Show More

  • Slide title

    Write your caption here
    Button
  • Slide title

    Write your caption here
    Button
  • Slide title

    Write your caption here
    Button
  • Slide title

    Write your caption here
    Button
  • Slide title

    Write your caption here
    Button
  • Slide title

    Write your caption here
    Button
  • Slide title

    Write your caption here
    Button
  • Slide title

    Write your caption here
    Button
Share by: